Renal failure, or kidney failure, is the severe loss of kidney function such that the organs can no longer effectively filter waste, balance fluids and electrolytes, or regulate key hormones. It may be acute, developing rapidly after injury or illness, or chronic, progressing over years due to diabetes, hypertension, or other conditions. End-stage renal disease often requires dialysis or kidney transplant for survival. Renal failure is associated with high morbidity and mortality, significantly impacting life insurance underwriting. Applicants with end-stage renal disease are usually uninsurable for traditional coverage, while those with milder impairment or successful transplants may sometimes qualify for heavily rated or limited-benefit products.

In underwriting, documentation of renal failure triggers immediate senior review and often leads to postponement or decline, especially when dialysis is ongoing. Underwriters examine creatinine, eGFR, dialysis schedules, transplant status, and coexisting cardiovascular disease. Advisors working with clients who have renal failure may shift focus to employer group coverage, guaranteed issue policies, or final expense options if available. For clients with earlier stages of kidney disease, proactive management and stable labs can improve future insurability and may warrant reconsideration. Explaining the impact of renal failure helps clients understand why coverage options are limited and emphasizes the importance of earlier planning before severe disease develops.